Is that painful tooth due to a cavity or an abfraction lesion? Your dentist will know.
A cavity isn’t the only sign of tooth damage. Your teeth can also be affected by what’s known as an abfraction lesion—a type of non-cavity-related damage that can cause sensitivity and discomfort.
Unlike cavities, abfraction lesions don’t involve decay from bacteria. Instead, these lesions appear as V-shaped notches near the gum line. They gradually wear down enamel, expose dentin, and can cause similar sensitivity to heat, cold, and touch. Knowing the difference between a cavity and an abfraction helps guide proper treatment—and that starts with your dentist.
What Causes an Abfraction Lesion?
While no single cause is responsible for all abfraction lesions, they are most commonly associated with one or more of the following:
Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
Clenching or grinding your teeth, especially at night, creates repetitive pressure on certain areas. Over time, this can cause enamel to flex and fracture near the gum line.
Acid Erosion
Highly acidic diets or acid reflux can wear away enamel at the tooth's base. Without enamel, the softer dentin is left exposed and vulnerable.
Misaligned Bite (Malocclusion)
An imbalanced bite means certain teeth absorb more pressure than others. This unequal force can contribute to enamel breakdown and the development of lesions.
In fact, studies show that the likelihood of abfraction lesions increases with age—rising from 3% to as high as 17% in older adults.
How Are Abfraction Lesions Treated?
While abfraction lesions cannot be reversed, they can be treated to reduce symptoms, protect your tooth structure, and prevent further erosion or gum recession. Treatment depends on severity, location, and whether the lesion is contributing to tooth decay or pain.
Here are five common treatment options:
1. Dental Filling
Your dentist can apply a tooth-colored resin over the lesion—similar to a cavity filling—to protect the area and restore the shape of the tooth. If gum recession is severe, a gum graft may also be recommended.
2. Orthodontic Treatment
Correcting a misaligned bite can reduce uneven pressure on your teeth and prevent further lesions from forming.
3. Dietary Changes
Limiting acidic foods and beverages can help reduce enamel erosion—especially if acid exposure is contributing to the lesion.
4. Nightguard
If grinding or clenching is the issue, a custom nightguard will help cushion your teeth while you sleep and protect them from stress.
5. Sensitivity Toothpaste
Switching to a toothpaste for sensitive teeth can ease discomfort, especially when eating or drinking hot or cold items.
Are Your Teeth Bothering You?
If you’re experiencing pain near the gum line or tooth sensitivity, let Espire Dental help. Whether it’s a cavity or an abfraction lesion, we’ll pinpoint the cause and walk you through treatment options that restore comfort and prevent further damage.
Schedule your appointment with Espire Dental today—and let our experienced team keep your smile strong and healthy.
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